The official name is Russia, the Russian Federation (Russian Federation). It is located in the eastern part of Europe and in the northern part of Asia. The area is 17,075.4 thousand km2, the population is 145.537 million people. (according to preliminary data of the population census held on October 9, 2002). The state language is Russian (according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the republics — the subjects of the Federation, along with Russian, have the right to establish their own state languages). The capital is Moscow (10.358 million people – according to preliminary data from the population census held on October 9, 2002).
Public holidays – Day of the Declaration of State Sovereignty on June 12 (since 1990), Constitution Day on December 12 (since 1993). The monetary unit is the ruble (equal to 100 kopecks).
Member of the UN (since 1945), CIS (since 1991).
Population of Russia
According to Countryaah, Russia ranks 7th in the world in terms of population after China, India, USA, Indonesia, Brazil and Pakistan. In 1985, the population of the RSFSR was 183.5 million people, in 1989 – 147 million, in 1992 the population of Russia was 148.3 million people. In 2002, the population of Russia was 145.537 million people. Of these, 67.806 million men, 77.731 million women. The permanently resident population of Russia is 145.182 million people.
During 1989–2002, the permanent population of Russia decreased by 1.84 million people, or by 1.3% (Table 3). The natural decline in the population amounted to 7.4 million people. The migration increase was positive and amounted to 5.56 million people: 10.976 million people arrived in the country for permanent residence, 5.416 million people left.
Table 3. Dynamics of the resident population, according to the latest censuses
Year
Total population, thousand people
Including
In % of the previous population census
urban, thousand people
rural, thousand people
the entire population
urban
rural
1970
(as of January 15)
129 941.2
80,631.4
49,309.8
111
132
88
1979
(as of January 17)
137,409.9
94,942.3
42,467.6
106
118
86
1989
(as of January 12)
147,021.9
107 959.0
39,062.9
107
114
92
2002
(as of October 9)
145 181.9
106 470.2
38,711.7
99
99
99
Distribution of the population by federal districts (in % of the total population): Central (26.2), Volga (21.5), Southern (15.8), Siberian (13.8), Northwestern (9.6), Ural (8.5), Far East (4.6). The population has declined in 66 subjects of Russia (especially in the Far East, North, Siberia and the central regions of the country). The population of the southern regions increased: in particular, in Dagestan – by 43%, in Kabardino-Balkaria – by 20%, in the Stavropol Territory – by 17%, in the Krasnodar Territory – by 11%. In the 1990s part of the townspeople and most of the migrants from the CIS countries moved to the countryside, which led to a reduction in the urban population of Russia by 1.5 million people, while the rural population stabilized at 39 million people. However, the stability of the rural population of Russia is partly fictitious; people are registered (registered) in villages, but live and work in cities. As the latest census revealed, about 12.5 thousand out of 155 thousand rural settlements in Russia turned out to be completely extinct. According to documents, citizens live in these villages, but in reality there is no one there. The number of villages, in each of which no more than 10 people live, is 22% of all rural settlements.
The predominant part of the country’s urban population (64%) lives in cities with a population of 100,000 people. and more. In 2002, 40% of the inhabitants of large cities were concentrated in 13 million-plus cities, compared to 37% in 1989 (Table 4).
Table 4. Population in the largest cities of Russia
City
Thousand people
In % to 1989
Moscow
10,357.8
117
St. Petersburg
4669.4
94
Novosibirsk
1425.6
99
Nizhny Novgorod
1311.2
91
Yekaterinburg
1293.0
95
Samara
1,158.1
92
Omsk
1,133.9
99
Kazan
1105.3
102
Chelyabinsk
1078.3
94
Rostov-on-Don
1070.2
106
Ufa
1042.4
97
Volgograd
1012.8
102
Permian
1000.1
92
The annual natural decline in the population is 930-960 thousand people. During 1970-2001, the death rate per 100,000 people more than doubled. from diseases of the circulatory system, digestion, accidental alcohol poisoning. Mortality from homicide increased more than 4 times (Table 5). 30-40 thousand people die in car accidents. in year. For 1970-2001, relative infant mortality (children under 1 year old) per 10,000 newborns tends to decrease (Table 6).
Table 5. Mortality by main classes of causes of death (per 100,000 people)
1970
1980
1990
2000
2001
Died of all causes
868
1100
1117
1535
1564
Including from some infectious and parasitic diseases
24
21
12
25
25
neoplasms
147
164
194
206
204
diseases of the circulatory system
412
580
617
849
869
respiratory diseases
87
92
59
71
66
diseases of the digestive system
23
thirty
29
45
48
accidents, poisoning and injuries
125
165
134
220
230
Of which from:– accidental alcohol poisoning
– suicide
– homicide
14
30
7
23
35
13
11
26
14
26
39
28
29
40
30
Table 6. Infant mortality by main classes of causes of death (per 10 thousand newborns)
1970
1980
1990
2000
2001
Deaths under 1 year of age from all causes
230
221
174
153
147
Including from some infectious and parasitic diseases
eleven
31
thirteen
nine
eight
respiratory diseases
94
78
25
17
fourteen
diseases of the digestive system
12
4
one
one
one
congenital anomalies (malformations), deformities and chromosomal disorders
31
35
37
36
34
individual conditions arising in the perinatal period
62
52
80
68
66
accidents, poisoning and injury
eleven
eleven
7
ten
nine
Life expectancy is 58.96 years for men and 72.34 years for women (2001 estimate). These figures in 2000 are 59 years and 72.2 years, in 1999 – 59.93 and 72.38, in 1990 – 63.79 and 74.27 years. More than 100 different peoples live on the territory of Russia. Ethnic composition: Russians – 83%, Tatars – 3.8, Ukrainians – 2.4, Chuvashs – 1.2, Bashkirs – 0.9, Belarusians, Chechens and Mordovians – 0.7 each, Germans, Udmurts, Armenians – each 0.5, Avars, Mari, Kazakhs – 0.4 each, Ossetians, Buryats, Sakha (Yakuts), Kabardians, Jews – 0.3 each, Komi, Lezgins, Kumyks, Ingush – 0.2 each, Tuvans – 0, one. The remaining peoples make up less than 0.1% of the total population of Russia (population microcensus 1994).
The population of Russia belongs to various religious denominations. The officially registered religious denominations are: Russian Orthodox Church, Islam, Roman Catholic Church, Judaism, Buddhism, etc. In the 1990s. The number of believers has increased significantly. The importance of the two main religions, Orthodox Christianity and Islam, has especially grown.
